Journal of Media Studies, Vol 35, No 2 (2020)

Font Size:  Small  Medium  Large

A Path to Empowerment: Usage of Facebook by Pakistani Women Entrepreneurs.

Wajid Zulqarnain, Naveed Ullah Hashmi, Amna Zulqarnain3 Zulqarnain

Abstract


Facebook has become popular tool amongst women entrepreneurs in Pakistan and is a good source to earn their livelihood, while staying at home. This study was aimed to enlighten the role of potential women entrepreneurship, who are successfully running their businesses on Facebook. According to the World Bank report (2019) 48.5 percent population in Pakistan is women. Due to the unavoidable reasons majority of them are only allowed to work at home therefore the easy access of Facebook has become a reasonable platform to earn their livelihood. However, their success stories are not being highlighted as they deserve. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 female entrepreneurs actively involved in web-based activities during a three-month time frame of this study by using Snowball sampling Technique. The questionnaire was adapted and inspired from Ajjan et al.'s (2014) Conceptual model. The findings showed that Facebook has an overall positive impact on the lives of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. Due to the user-friendly nature, customized options and monetary incentives, Facebook is transforming from just social networking site to business platform for women in Pakistan.  Due to the unique, innovative and novel characteristics of Facebook, more and more women are getting motivated to run their businesses through Facebook. It is expected that this could further imitate strategies directed to improve entrepreneurial movements among women of emerging economies and conclusively increasing female leadership around the globe.


References


Abbas, T., Abrar, M., Saleem, R., & Iqbal, A. (2016). What leads to success for women entrepreneurs? An empirical study of southern Punjab in Pakistan.

Ajjan, H., Beninger, S., Mostafa, R. and Crittenden, V. (2014) 'Empowering female entrepreneurs in emerging markets: a conceptual model', Organizations and Markets in Emerging, Economies, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp.16-30.

Akram, N. (2018). Women's empowerment in Pakistan: its dimensions and determinants. Social Indicators Research, 140(2), 755-775.

Aljifri, H. A., Pons, A., & Collins, D. (2003). Global e‐commerce: a framework for understanding and overcoming the trust barrier. Information Management & Computer Security.

Boulianne, S. (2015). Social media use and participation: A meta-analysis of current research. Information, communication & society18(5), 524-538.

Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. New Brunswick.

Hasan, S. S., & Fatima, E. (2012). Social Networking Websites; Conduit for Women Entrepreneurs in Pakistan.

Hossain, D., & Sultana, T. Clothing Business on Facebook: Status of Women in e-Business. ICT for Development Working Paper Series, 47.

https://shemeansbusiness.fb .com/pk/. (2019, 1). Retrieved from She Means Business: https://shemeansbusiness.fb .com/pk/ on 27 May 2020 https://tradingeconomics.com/pakistan/population-female-percent-of-total-wb-data.html retrieved on 28 Aug 2020.

Internet World Statistics (2019). Internet Usage Statistics. Miniwatts Marketing Group (http://internetworldstats.com/stats.htm). Accessed 29 April 2019.

Keller, B. and Mbewe, D.C. (1991) 'Policy and planning for the empowerment of Zambia's women farmers', Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp.75-88.

 Kelley, D. J., Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G., &Litovsky, Y. Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (GERA)(2013) Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2012; Women's Report. Obtenido el5.

Putnam, R.D. (2000) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, Simon and Schuster, New York.

Roomi, M. A., & Parrott, G. (2008). Barriers to development and progression of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. The Journal of Entrepreneurship17(1), 59-72.

Roomi, M. A., Kumar, M., Rehman, S., & Chaudhry, N. I. (2011). Issues and challenges faced by the potential women entrepreneurs in Pakistan: a case study of Sind Province. International Journal of Management Research and Emerging Sciences.

Seyaal,Afzaal H., Awais, Mian M., ShamailShafay and Abbas Andleeb (2010), "Determinants of Electronic Commerce in Pakistan: Preliminary Evidence from Small and Medium Enterprises', Electronic Markets,14(4), 372-387

Shabbir, A., & Di Gregorio, S. (1996). An examination of the relationship between women's personal goals and structural factors influencing their decision to start a business: The case of Pakistan. Journal of Business venturing11(6), 507-529.

Statista. (2020). Number of social media users worldwide from 2010 to 2020 (in billions).

Woolcock, M. and Narayan, D. (2000) 'Social capital: implications for development theory, research, and policy', The World Bank Research Observer, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp.225-249.

Zhu, L., Benbasat, I., & Jiang, Z. (2006). Investigating the role of presence in collaborative online shopping. AMCIS 2006 Proceedings, 358.



Full Text: PDF

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Institute of Communication Studies
University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore - 54590, Pakistan.

E-Mail : ed.jms.ics@gmail.com

Phone No. : 92-42-99231225